Designer Babies - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 469 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2018/12/14 Category Genetics Essay Type Problem solution essay Level High school Tags: Childhood Essay Did you like this example? PGD refers to the technique used by doctors in the determination of the sex of an embryo. Using this technique, doctors can influence the genetic constitution of the embryo to prevent it from disease like cystic fibroids and haemophilia. (Bostrom and Rebecca 19) By using IVF, doctors can genetically manipulate the embryo by giving it different traits so that it grows with the desired genes. (p. 20) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Designer Babies" essay for you Create order Buying gametes and paying more if the donor had an Ivy League education basically means that that will pay more for genes because the donor is considered more intelligent and well educated. (Bostrom and Rebecca 21). According to Jurgen Habermas, manipulation of the genes constitutes an infringement of the freedom of the child through ways that even normal parenting cannot do. I would advise the young couple against going for the program until they are completely sure of the avoiding the risks associated with it. (Bostrom and Rebecca 20) In his interpretation of autonomy, Habermas is misguided since genetic factors play a significant role in what the child achieves in life irrespective of whether their genes were selected for them. (Bostrom and Rebecca 21) Sandel believes that the determination to remake nature fails to exemplify, and may even destroy the child. The human powers of the child, coupled with their achievements tend to be affected when the genetic constitution of the child is interfered with. (Bostrom and Rebecca 21) In disagreeing with Sandels view, the authors feel that he is not convincing. Sandel fails to cite any data that supports his claims that parents would reduce their love for their children because they do not conform to their expectations. (Bostrom and Rebecca 21) Julian defends the principle for reasons that parents choice of the embryos determines the kind of person who will come from the procedure. Furthermore, he claims that manipulating the genes of the embryo will give way to a child with qualities that are in contrast to the expectation of the parents. (Bostrom and Rebecca 22). This means that when parents decide to intervene in the genetic composition of the future child, it is important to consider the best interests of the child by parents restricting themselves to qualities that benefit the child in their future lives. The author, however disagrees because the perceived parallels between the prevailing discourse on the enhancement and the programs of coercive eugenics coercive eugenics developed in the last century may foster beliefs which would undermine human dignity. (Bostrom and Rebecca 23) To try to turn a man into a more than a man might be so as well (Bostrom and Rebecca 24) Fukuyama and Silver opine that by the enhanced laying more claim to human rights, the rights of the unenhanced will be taken away. Work Cited Bostrom, Nick, and Rebecca Roache. Ethical Issues In Human Enhancement. New Waves in Applied Ethics (2007): 19-24. Print.

Analysis on Beethoven S Piano Sonata No3, Op 2 - 1830 Words

Analysis on Beethoven’s Piano Sonata No 3, op. 2, Allegro con brio Composers since the early classical era have used sonata form to express through music ideas which are at once complex and unified. This form contains a variety of themes and permutations of these themes, but is brought together into a comprehensible whole when these excerpts reappear. Beethoven, in the first movement of his Piano Sonata Opus 2 Number 3 utilizes this form to its full potential, modifying the typical structure in his characteristic way. The sonata begins softly but with unmistakable energy. The trill like sixteenth notes on the third beat of this motif surge the piece forward into the next bar. The two bar motif appears again, and is then varied and†¦show more content†¦The dynamic increases to fortissimo at mm. 73 as the texture thins and harmony becomes very clear for a brief section. In this second closing theme G major, G augmented, and E minor7 in the bass are strongly arpeggiated before four octaves of C, D and G quickly reaffirm the key of G. This cade ntial crash is followed by some of the softest and lightest material of the whole movement, which due to the surrounding measures is proved to still be part of the second closing theme. The exposition is finally completed with a third closing theme. Thundering octaves of scalar G major material with a variety of applied harmonies lead us to the final PAC of the exposition. Beethoven would have surely failed his part-writing test on this last cadence on four counts of parallel fifths and two counts of parallel octaves, with doubled leading tones. After a repeat of the exposition, the performance moves on to the development with the soft material from the second half of closing theme two. It begins a whole step higher than its first appearance and immediately begins to modulate. Eight bars later new arpeggiated material enters on a Bb7 chord, beginning a twelve bar chromatic bass line moving to C# right before measure 109. Here the opening theme enters, similarly a whole step higher than at the beginning. Hearing the principal theme in the wrong key is a sure sign of a false recapitulation, and the P theme is

What Were the African Reactions to Slave Trade - 1651 Words

What were the African reactions to slave trade? (The question requires for you to describe the reaction of Africans from the point of views of peoples, individuals and captives). The Atlantic slave trade which was inevitably began by the Portuguese, but later in time taken over by the English, was the sale and exploitation of African slaves by Europeans that occurred in and throughout the Atlantic Ocean from the 15th century to the 19th century. Most slaves were transported from West Africa and Central Africa to the New World. Although slavery and slave trading already existed it became well known and practiced in all cultures. During this time while Europeans obtained most slaves through coastal trade with African states, some slaves†¦show more content†¦The enslaved also became known as personal property to their masters and lost all their rightful customary rights being human beings. Portugal and Spain did end up dominating the slaver trade during the 16th century; as a result they shipped over two thousand Africans per year to the Americas. The trading that took place of import goods in exchange with the return of the exporting of Africans was a complete consequence of the Trans-Atlantic Slave trade. The profits from the slave trade were so great the Dutch, French and English become involved in 1550. With the development of tobacco as a cash crop in Virginia and Maryland during the 1620s and with the large expansion of sugar production the demand for African slaves grew. The end result and the direct consequence was that England and France compete with the Dutch to take over the Atlantic Slave trade. After a host of wars England then took over the Trans Atlantic Slave trade which overthrew the Dutch in 1764 and victories over France and Spain occurred in 1713. This allowed English traders the right to supply slaves to all of Spains American colonies. The profits of the Atlantic Slave trade produced in the Americas by slave labor were invested in England and consequently helped fund the industrial revolution during the 18th century. In return, Africa became a market for cheap English manufacturedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of T he Book Amistad 1099 Words   |  5 PagesMediterranean in the 13th century, and the Portuguese slave trade began in the 15th century, supplying slaves to Europe. While slavery existed in the past all over the world, the systematic kidnap and illegal trade of humans thrived in the 18th century with the beginning of the triangular trade. Throughout the records of the North Atlantic slave trade, it is recorded that 12.5 million Africans were kidnapped and sold into slavery. The movie Amistad tracks one slave ship, out of the millions. The revolt, courtRead MoreThe Impact of Slavery on African Society Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesThe Impact of Slavery on African Society Slavery has played a strong role in African society from as early as prehistoric times, continuing to the modern era. Early slavery within Africa was a common practice in many societies, and was very central to the country’s economy. Beginning around the 7th century, two groups of non-African slave traders significantly altered the traditional African forms of slavery that had been practiced in the past. Native Africans were now being forced to leave theRead MoreEssay about Colonialism1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe way society is structured today, it is difficult to understand Colonialism for what it truly was. For example, A Stranger walks into a house and claims it is his, while he enslaves the real owners and demands they follow his rules. It might seem like an unlikely scenario, but about 400 years ago, this was reality. 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These events are the Holocaust for the Jewish Americans, Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeRead MoreThe Colonial Era Of North America1475 Words   |  6 Pagestopics of the colonial era of North America generate as much debate as the conversion of labor in 17th century Virginia from English indentured servitude to one based primarily on African slaves. Historians have attempted to ascertain why Virginia tobacco planters determined that an economic system based on African slave labor was advantageous to the traditional servant system used up to that point, and why that change increased rapidly beginning in the 1670s. The significance of these years on AmericanRead MoreThe Scramble for Africa1154 Words   |  5 Pages What was the Scramble for Africa? The Scramble for Africa was a period of time where major European countries fought over and colonized land in Africa, stretching from South Africa to Egypt. The scramble for Africa began shortly after the slave trade, and ended at WW1, and is a strong representation of the ‘New Imperialism’. The first country to act was Belgium, who colonized Congo at 1885, but soon, other countries such as Portugal and Great Britain joined in in order to not miss out. FirstlyRead MoreChildren, Black, And Free, By Margaret Walker1143 Words   |  5 Pagesdehumanizing slavery and segregation, our American history of nearly five hundred years reveals that our cultural and spiritual gifts brought from our African past are still intact† (On Being Female, Black, and Free; Essays by Margaret Walker, 1997). Basically this quote First, I think she goes out of her way to point out the struggles of many African Americans in an elegant and unique way. The dehumanizing of slavery and segregation is something that I believe has happened many times. It’s easy toRead MoreEvolution of 17th Century Virginia Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the century began, however, it was not the citizens as a whole hoping to make a profit from this new land but rather a small group of greedy landowners profiting off of the work of their indentured servants. (CL) Sure the indentured servants were given a chance to fulfill their contract and one day become free to pursue their own dreams, but the likelihood of this in the beginning was next to none due to harsh living conditions. (CL) According to Richard Frethorne in 1623, nor is there nothingRead MoreDifferences Between Sierra Leone And Ghana1580 Words   |  7 Pagescountries became prime locations for stops along Atlantic trade routes. The goods that first attracte d Europeans to each country differed. Sierra Leone had diamonds and Ghana had rich goldfields. However, with the new American plantation systems, the demand for African slaves increased drastically, and both countries would be used to supply slaves to Europeans in the masses. But first, the Portuguese would arrive in West Africa—a catalyst for what would come next for both countries. Sierra Leone hadRead MoreThe South Carolina Pre Revolutionary Stono Rebellion1722 Words   |  7 Pagesto many different forms of reactions from the people in colonial South Carolina. It can be characterized as that of a further dark future for the slaves, while creating more fear and discontent for the white citizens of the area. The revolts output created attitudes that led to the American revolution for whites, while creating the harsh and negative attitudes displayed toward blacks which we still see today. The repercussions created a greater sense of fear for Africans among the white population

Relationship Between Lean and Sustainable Operations - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Relationship Between Lean and Sustainable Operations. Answer: Introduction: Sustainable Operation Management involves the efficient management of resources during the OM process (Zahir, 2014). This is the use of environment friendly approaches in all processes. The supply chains, procurement, logistics and other stages of operation require strategies that deal with environmental concerns such as reductions in the carbon factor. OM is a continuous process and the increasing consumer demands often lead to the realization that natural resources in the world have limitations. If every operation uses these resources on a daily basis, it threatens their existence. Further studies reveal that operations, which have an effective plan, strategize using the most competent models of operations. One of these strategies is the lean approach, which involves saving money, resources, and time by reducing the processes(Douflou, et al., 2012). The popularity of this approach has led to its use in the manufacturing sector and service industries. It has principles which emphasi s on a continuous process. The growth of OM as a practice continues to evolve over time capturing more elements. The quest to understand OM has led to different models of sustainable performance. This essay tries to understand the connection between sustainability and the lean principles using joint benefits(Rich Piercy, 2014, p. 304) The article agrees that there is a continuous change in the lean and sustainability approaches. It touches on previous research into the two highlighting a common relationship. With specific reference to the connection between the lean supply chain and sustainability, the article agrees that the two concepts support environmental effect issues. It goes further to discuss the importance of sustainability in lean processes in monitoring supplies creating transparency, implementation strategies, and work force or community relations. The article raises questions of how the terms relate with each other, how to integrate them for mutual gain and economic benefits. It looks at the green aspects of the lean(Rich Piercy, 2014, p. 282) while giving suggestions of its improvement. Most Important Aspect of the article The research article delves into the concept of OM using the lean theory and sustainability. The discussion breaks down the concepts of cost effectiveness and sustainability by identifying its common elements. In a business environment where innovation and market competition rule, organizations incorporate different elements in OM in order to gain best practices. Hassini Surti (2012) agree that metric measurment of Operations provides definitive factors by which theorists can use to define the most effective method. There are theories focusing on industry strategies while others target specific decisions made by organizations. Stakeholders in a supply chain may adopt a unified approach in order to reduce on costs and time. In some cases, customer satisfaction and value addition drive the approach taken. The article brings ways for targeting specific processes through life cycles that analyze gaps in each section. The popularity of the lean principles in the supply chain confirms the connection between sustainability and the lean process because both have similar elements(Govindan, et al., 2017). The key concepts in this analysis are value, operation capabilities, cost, timelines, and management of resources. It defines the process for value creation, forecasting, and inventory using the most effective logistics. Collier Evans (2014, p. 1) define OM as a scientific and artistic approach for the successful delivery of products and services. This supports the article idea of incorporating sustainability without strategy. The optimization of resources defines the performance of an undertaking. It is possible to determine whether a process achieved its goals by measuring the economies of scale. Modern operating systems comprise of technology systems for important elements such as quality, supply chain, and process selection. The article suggest the lean approach, which has a definition for value, waste management and efficiency. Therefore, it is a strategy in itself. The article defines the lean ideology as the use of less in doing more. It translates this to sustainability within the operations(Rich Piercy, 2014, p. 282). Developing management operations using strategies such as the lean systems reduces constraint within the logistics, operations and customer levels. The supply and demand para meters tend to influence production but without proper capacity and facilities or an appropriate framework, this becomes a challenge. The lean principles explain the emergence of China as an economic giant because of its adoption in the business and manufacturing industries(Mckinsey, 2016). Main Inferences and concepts The reasons behind the growth of sustainable production is within the performance metrics. Stakeholders in the business environment recognize its impact across all processes (Esty Winson, 2012, p. 65). The article describes the best approach to the utilization of resources ensures that the economic factors of production do not exhaust the inputs. In logistics, industries and organizations that have a high competitive edge require effectiveness in the management of inventory, supply chains, and safety (Moledena, 2011). The paper looks at performance as an environmental factor and a workplace issues that bring out improvement activities. These are community engagement, information systems integration, changes in strategy, reduction and policy deployment(Rich Piercy, 2014, p. 298). From these factors, only the community and reduction aspects may appear in sustainability. However, the connection between organizational functions makes operations, marketing and financial issues connected . The lean process addresses money issues, wastage in production, inefficient movements, defects, and over processing of goods or waiting in services. However, it does not touch on quality, which is an important part of customer satisfaction. Performance often translates to tangible and perceived benefits. Among these are price reduction, product benefits and customer experience. In a value chain analysis, the value creation may occur within the preproduction as well as the postproduction process. Sustainability and lean may have mutual benefits in managerial strategies but there are challenges its application in certain industries (Rich Piercy, 2014). As an ethical principle, sustainability requires commitment and vision in order to succeed. Operation Management functions involve forecasting, supply management, facility design, technology choice, quality management and purchasing. Sustainability affects all these areas but may fail if stakeholders fail to take an initiative. The article points to the benefits of lean in ensuring that there are returns in form of savings and higher output. Performance needs a standard measure which sustainability does not define in totality. The concept of value relates to the customer benefits and lean may improve the quality through technological advancements. Some customers may not feel the impact of a sustainability plan by an organization. However, the lean principles may translate value through cost reduction as seen in the Toyota produ ction and innovation example(Mesaharu, et al., 2013). This makes a difference between a supply chain process and value chain process. Competent organization decentralize value chains across the processes and the lean process helps to facilitate its creation. This is through minimal costs for improved profits and customer benefits. Sustainability comes in to add the human value or welfare to the process. Although Rich Piercy ( 2014, p. 306) insist on mutual compatibility between lean and sustainability, lean is not always agreen approach. Industries in the oil and plastic manufacturing may use the lean approach of using less yet its outcome in gas emissions and release of products in the enviornment is destructive to the environment. The use of inputs verses outputs to measure OM factors differentiates these elements. Besides, some operations such as the transport industry and multinational operations are complex hence require a multifaceted approach. In this case, some stakeholders or departments may succeed with the lean process while others require maximum inputs. Future challenges caused by competitiveness in the manufacturing sector highlight challenges in the implementation of change (Pons Pearce, 2013). When organizations innovate, new practices, structures, tools and techniques come into play. This process is expensive because it might lead to the costly replacements. The a rticle agrees that the application of the lean process and sustainability is effective in manufacturing. However, industries like technology may face challenges using them. Organizations keep changing the leadership and culture in order to provide support for sustainable approaches. Lean principles are effective in the management of tangible products but it has limits in leadership and employee strategies. The article leaves out the Six Sigma is a Total Quality approach, which compliments the lean process(Pacheco, et al., 2015). It feels the gap left by lean in the improvement of products through value creation. It provides the quality standards for classifying processes based on the level of achievement of perfection. The other method left out in the total elimination of wastes is The Just in Time approach. This creates specific approaches to inventory for the highest reduction in costs(Nagano, et al., 2015). All these processes target sustainability and may not fully fulfil their potential independently. An integrative approach is more appropriate because of growing industry and customer needs (Leng Jiang, 2017). JIT, Six Sigma and Lean have the same purpose- to reduce waste and provide the best value for customer satisfaction. They advocate for sustainability, which is about the human factor that involves production with a human factor. It involves the intangible element such as th e customer benefit package (CBP) while lean is useful in both products and service industries. In contemporary organizations, there are numerous challenges. These include technology changes, management of globalizations and the dynamic consumer behavior. Strategic MO is about optimization of resources for the most convenient outcome. Conclusion In conclusion, Sustainability and Lean are both OM concepts. The former is a value principle, which has numerous connotations. On the other hand, Lean is a value strategy for creating efficient OM and it is restricted to reduction of wastes and costs. Despite the difference in conceptualization, Rich Piercy (2014) agree that the two mutually support each other. However, it is clear that quality management in OM is difficult to address using simple approaches. The complex nature of organizations, value chains and stakeholder relationships raises doubts about the ability of the tow in ensuring total quality in an operation. Modern OM is about creating a competitive edge in a centralized or decentralized system. This calls for a grasp on customer needs, expectations and standards of value. In order to achieve this, lean helps to leverage the capabilities of an organization. The customer expects value, quality, timely products or services, innovativeness and flexibility. Sustainability justifies the means of the OM plan. It helps to maintain the framework for processes and non-processes. Therefore, sustainability and lean relate with each other through the same dimension but there is an overlap and difference in outcomes. Used as performance metrics, the two have environmental and economic benefits for different OM industries. From the analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of lean and sustainability, it is clear that the global organizations are changing. Putting up with technology changes means changes in OM approaches. Operations today depend on hard and soft technologies to improve processes. The role of artificial intelligence gives an assurance of quality and performance. For example, the computer integrated manufacturing systems (CIMS) provides an automated approach to production activities for high performance. Robotic processes, business analytics and Enterprise Resource Planning are some of the modern tools for OM. These have immense benefits such as lowered costs, market segmentation, customer satisfaction, environmental monitoring systems and supply chain management. Some of these tools and devices may be expensive installations in an OM. However, they continue to change OM practices and theories. As a recommendation, technology decisions or scalability has to incorporate technology solutions (Nagano, et al., 2015). Technology tools incorporate the lean principles, sustainability and other approaches in the design, process selection, facility and supply chain management. This maximizes on the potential of an organization in OM. Whats more, technology solutions have customized and integrated applications for specific and collective processes. Stakeholders in competent organizations have already adopted the new framework of OM. This is bound to change because technology is a continuous process hence contemporary OM is not static. Bibliography Collier, A. D. Evans, J. E., 2014. Operations Management. 5th ed. s.l.:Cengage. Douflou, J. et al., 2012. Towards energy and resource efficient manufacturing: A processes and systems approach. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology, 61(2), pp. 587-609. Esty, D. Winson, A., 2012. Green to gold: how smart companies use enironment strategy to innovate, create value and build competitive advantage. Yale: Yale University. Govindan, K., Padhi, S., Pati, R. Rajeeve, 2017. Evolution of sustainability in supply chain management: A literature review. pp. 299-314. Hassini, E. Surti, C. a. S. C., 2012. A literature review and a case study of sustainable supply chains with focus on metrics. International Journal of Production Economics, 140(1), pp. 69-82. Leng, J. Jiang, P., 2017. The configuration of social manufactruring: a social intelligence way toward service oriented manufacturing. Journal of Manufacturing Research, 12(1), pp. 4-19. Mckinsey, 2016. The CEO guide to China's future. McKinsey Quarterly, September. Mesaharu, O., Yohsuke, H. Samson, D., 2013. Japanese innovation processes, International Journal of operations production management. INternational Journal of Operations Production Management, 33(3), pp. 275-295. Moledena, S. B., 2011. Al Ain Dairy: Managing demand and supply. Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies. Nagano, S. M., Miyata, H. H. Arujo, C. D., 2015. A constructive heuristic for total flowtime minimization in no wait flowshop with sequence-dependent setup times. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, Volume 36, p. 224. Pacheco, D., Pergher, I., Vaccaro, L. G. Jung, C. C. C., 2015. 18 Comparative aspects between lean and six sigma: Complementarity and implications. International Journal of lean Six Sigma, Volume 6, pp. 161-175. Pons, D. Pearce, A., 2013. Implementing lean practices: managing teh transformation risks. Journal of Industryal Engineering. Rich, N. Piercy, N., 2014. The relationship between lean operations and sustainable operations. IJOPM, 35(2), pp. 282-311. Zahir, I. G. A., 2014. Sustainable operations management: design, modelling and analysis. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 65(6), pp. 801-805.

Globalization and Multiculturalism in Australia †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Globalization and Multiculturalism in Australia. Answer: Introduction Globalization leads to mixture of people from different religions and cultures, which give rise to multiculturalism in a country. With an increasing demand of globalized business, occupation, education, sports and tourism, people are more often inclined to communicate among different countries, which mixes different culture in a country (Hong Cheon, 2017). However, globalization has huge impact on the cultural changes of a country. This study will describe the cultural changes of Australia due to globalization. The study will also assess the positive and negative impact of cultural changes in Australia due to globalization. Discussion Multiculturalism has been a characteristic of Australia for long time. Globalization at every aspect of the country has actually led to multiculturalism in the country. Moreover, the globalization effect is actually mixing western culture to the culture of Australia. The first and foremost cultural changes in Australia can be seen in the dialect spoken by the Australian. Moreover, Walsh, (2014) opined that with highly level of business interaction and educational purpose, Australian people are being more inclined towards the dialect of western English. On the other hand, Ng and Metz, (2015) opined that globalization has also changed the value of the Australia with high level of multiculturalism. Australians are usually conservative in their interaction with new people. However, with the impact of globalization, the Australians are being quite liberal and free in their interaction with new people. Furthermore, Ang, (2014) opined that the touch of globalization has enhanced the standar d of Australians life. Moreover, they have started to imitate the standard lifestyle of western culture. The mixture of different religion due to globalization has also changed the social norms and values of Australians. Multiculturalism has also made the Australian much more achievement oriented with having a worldview of competition in respect to business, education, sports and many other aspects. While considering the culture of Vancouver, it can be found that multiculturalism has changed the social values and norms of the people. The people of this country most imitate the standard lifestyle of the tourists coming for spending their vacation (Ng Metz, 2015). Likewise, Australians are also adopting the standard lifestyle and values of foreign people residing in Australia. On the other hand, globalization and multiculturalism has also changed the religion diversity of Canada. Therefore, there is an increasing difference between the beliefs and values of the people in Canada. The same situation can also be found in Australia, where multicultural has led to religion, which often led to clash among different religious people. Multiculturalism has both positive and negative impact on the Australia. Moreover, Walsh, (2014) opined that the Australians are adopting sociological imagination in which Australians think themselves away from their familiar routines of everyday life. In this way, they are adopting the standard lifestyle of the migrant people. It is actually minimizing the social stratification of the country and improving overall standard of the society. On the other hand, Ang, (2014) opined that changing culture has made the Australians more achievement oriented, which has enhanced their potentiality of success in every aspect of life. Furthermore, Walsh, (2014) argued that Australians have actually loosen their traditional values and ethics with cultural changes due to globalization. On the other hand, religion diversity from cultural change often leads to religion and cultural clashes among the people in Australia. Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be found that globalization and multiculturalism have changed the social and cultural value of Australia. Moreover, Australians are now much more liberal in their life having impact of multiculturalism. The impact of western culture has also made the Australians much more achievement oriented, which can facilitate them in getting success in every aspect of their life. However, it can often lead to religion and cultural clashes among various people having different religion and culture. References Ang, I., 2014. Beyond Chinese groupism: Chinese Australians between assimilation, multiculturalism and diaspora.Ethnic and Racial Studies,37(7), pp.1184-1196. Hong, Y. Y., Cheon, B. K. (2017). How Does Culture Matter in the Face of Globalization?.Perspectives on Psychological Science,12(5), 810-823. Ng, E. S., Metz, I. (2015). Multiculturalism as a strategy for national competitiveness: The case for Canada and Australia.Journal of Business Ethics,128(2), 253-266. Walsh, J. P. (2014). The marketization of multiculturalism: Neoliberal restructuring and cultural difference in Australia.Ethnic and Racial Studies,37(2), 280-301.